[chapter 1]let us c [SOLVED]

[H]write C programs for the following:

(a)Ramesh’s basic salary is input through the keyboard. His dearness allowance is 40% of basic salary, and house rent allowance is 20% of basic salary. Write a program to calculate his gross salary.

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Answer:

main()
{
float bs,gs;
printf("\nInput Basic Salary");
scanf("%f",&bs);
gs=bs*(16.0/10.0);
printf("\nGross Salary is %f",gs);
}

(b)The distance between two cities (in km.) is input through the keyboard. Write a program to convert and print this distance in meters, feet, inches and centimeters.

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Answer :
main()
{
float distance,distancem,distancefeet,distanceinches,distancecm;
printf("\nInput distance in km");
scanf("%f",&distance);
distancem= distance*1000.0;
distancefeet= distancem*3.2808;
distanceinches= (distance*100000.0)/2.54;
distancecm = distance*100000.0;
printf("\n Distance in metres = %fm\n Distance in feet = %fft\n Distance in inches = %finches\n Distance in cm = %fcm",distancem,distancefeet,distanceinches,distancecm);
}

(c) If the marks obtained by a student in five different subjects are input through the keyboard, find out the aggregate marks and percentage marks obtained by the student. Assume that the maximum marks that can be obtained by a student in each subject is 100.

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main()
{
float a,b,c,d,e,t,am,pm;
printf("\nInput the 5 test marks followed by total obtainable marks");
scanf("%f%f%f%f%f%f",&a,&b,&c,&d,&e,&t);
am=(a+b+c+d+e)/5;
pm=(am/t)*100.0;
printf("\nThe aggregate marks is %f\nThe percentage marks is %f",am,pm);
}

(d)Temperature of a city in Fahrenheit degrees is input through the keyboard. Write a program to convert this temperature into Centigrade degrees.

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Answer:
main()
{
float c,f;
printf("\nInput the temperate(Fahrenheit)");
scanf("%f",&f);
c= (f-32)*(100.0/180.0);
printf("\nThe temperature in Celsius is %f",c);
}

(e) The length & breadth of a rectangle and radius of a circle are input through the keyboard. Write a program to calculate the area & perimeter of the rectangle, and the area & circumference of the circle.

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void main()
{
float l,b,r,arear,perimeterr,areac,perimeterc;
printf("\nInput the length and breadth of rectangle and radius of circle respectively");
scanf("%f%f%f",&l,&b,&r);
arear=l*b;
perimeterr=2*l+2*b;
areac=3.141592654*r*r;
perimeterc=2*3.141592654*r;
printf("\nThe area of rectangle is %f\nThe perimeter of rectangle is %f\nThe area of circle is %f\nThe circumference of the circle is %f",arear,perimeterr,areac,perimeterc);

}

(f) Two numbers are input through the keyboard into two locations C and D. Write a program to interchange the contents of C and D.
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void main()
{
float c,d,e,f;
printf("\nInput values of C and D");
scanf("%f%f",&c,&d);
e=c;
f=d;
c=f;
d=e;
printf("\nNow C is %f\nD is %f",c,d);
}

(g) If a five-digit number is input through the keyboard, write a program to calculate the sum of its digits.
(Hint: Use the modulus operator ‘%’)


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Answer:
void main()
{
float number,a,b,c,d,e;
int a1,b1,c1,d1,e1,t;
printf("\nKey in a five digit number");
scanf("%f",&number);

a=number/10000.0;
a1=a/1;

b=(number-(a1*10000.0))/1000;
b1=b/1;

c=(number-(a1*10000.0)-(b1*1000))/100;
c1=c/1;

d=(number-(a1*10000.0)-(b1*1000)-(c1*100))/10;
d1=d/1;

e=(number-(a1*10000.0)-(b1*1000)-(c1*100)-(d1*10))/1;
e1=e/1;

t=a1+b1+c1+d1+e1;
printf("\nThe sum of the five digits is %d",t);

}

(h) If a five-digit number is input through the keyboard, write a program to reverse the number.

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Answer:
void main()
{
float a,b,c,d,e,t,a2,b2,c2,d2,e2,s;
int a1,b1,c1,d1,e1;
printf("\nInput a 5 digit number");
scanf("%f",&t);
a=t/10000.0;
a1=a;
b=(t-(a1*10000.0))/1000;
b1=b;
c=(t-(a1*10000.0)-(b1*1000))/100;
c1=c;
d=(t-(a1*10000.0)-(b1*1000)-(c1*100))/10;
d1=d;
e=t-(a1*10000.0)-(b1*1000)-(c1*100)-(d1*10);
e1=e;

a2=e1*10000.0;
b2=d1*1000.0;
c2=c1*100.0;
d2=b1*10.0;
e2=a1*1.0;

s=a2+b2+c2+d2+e2;

printf("\nThe required result is %f",s);

}

(i) If a four-digit number is input through the keyboard, write a program to obtain the sum of the first and last digit of this number.

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Answer:

void main()
{
float a,d,t;
int a1,d1,t1,u;
printf("\nInput a 4 digit number");
scanf("%f",&t);
a=t/1000.0;
u=t;
a1=a;
d=u%10;
d1=d;

t1=a1+d1;

printf("\nThe Sum f %d",t1);
}

(k) A cashier has currency notes of denominations 10, 50 and 100. If the amount to be withdrawn is input through the keyboard in hundreds, find the total number of currency notes of each denomination the cashier will have to give to the withdrawer.

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Answer:
Note: So if its $900 the input value is 9 and if its $1970 input is 19.7

void main()
{
float t,_10,_50,_100;
int _11,_51,_101;
printf("\nInput notes in hundreds");
scanf("%f",&t);

_100=t/100;
_101=_100;
_50=(t-_101*100.0)/50;
_51=_50;
_10=(t-(_101*100.0+_51*50.0))/10;
_11=_10;
printf("\n_100 is %f\n_101 is %d",_100,_101);
printf("\nThe no of $100 notes is %d\nThe no of $50 notes is %d\nThe no of $10 notes is %d",_101,_51,_11);
}

(l) If the total selling price of 15 items and the total profit earned on them is input through the keyboard, write a program to find the cost price of one item.

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Answer:

void main()
{
float sp,tp,cp,cps;
printf("\nInput the total selling price of 15 itmes and total profit earned respectively");
scanf("%f%f",&sp,&tp);
cps=sp-tp;
printf("\nThe cost price of one item is %f",cp=cps/15.0);

}

(m) If a five-digit number is input through the keyboard, write a program to print a new number by adding one to each of its digits. For example if the number that is input is 12391 then the output should be displayed as 23402.

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void main()
{
float s,t;
int a,b,c,d,e;
printf("\nInput a 5 digit number");
scanf("%f",&t);

a=t/10000.0;
b=(t-(a*10000.0))/1000;
c=(t-(a*10000.0)-(b*1000))/100;
d=(t-(a*10000.0)-(b*1000)-(c*100))/10;
e=(t-(a*10000.0)-(b*1000)-(c*100)-(d*10))/1;

a+=1;
b+=1;
c+=1;
d+=1;
e+=1;

if (a==10)
a=0;
if (b==10)
b=0;
if (c==10)
c=0;
if (d==10)
d=0;
if (e==10)
e=0;

s=(a*10000.0)+(b*1000.0)+(c*100.0)+(d*10.0)+(e);

printf("\nThe required result is %f",s);
}

c aptitute questions with explained answers

[1] guess the output

main()
{
int i=5,j=6,z;
printf("%d",i+++j);
}

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Answer:
11
Explanation:
the expression i+++j is treated as (i++ + j)

[2]main()
{
register i=5;
char j[ ]= "hello";
printf("%s %d",j,i);
}


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Answer:
hello 5
Explanation:
if you declare i as register compiler will treat it as ordinary integer and it will take
integer value. i value may be stored either in register or in memory.

[3]

main()
{
int a[2][2][2] = { {10,2,3,4}, {5,6,7,8} };
int *p,*q;
p=&a[2][2][2];
*q=***a;
printf("%d..%d",*p,*q);
}


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Answer:
garbagevalue..1
Explanation:
p=&a[2][2][2] you declare only two 2D arrays. but you are trying to access the third
2D(which you are not declared) it will print garbage values. *q=***a starting address of
a is assigned integer pointer. now q is pointing to starting address of a.if you print *q
meAnswer:it will print first element of 3D array.

[4]main()
{
const int i=4;
float j;
j = ++i;
printf("%d %f", i,++j);
}


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Answer:
Compiler error
Explanation:
i is a constant. you cannot change the value of constant

[5]

main()
{
int i=-1;
-i;
printf("i = %d, -i = %d \n",i,-i);
}


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Answer:
i = -1, -i = 1
Explanation:
-i is executed and this execution doesn't affect the value of i. In printf first you just print
the value of i. After that the value of the expression -i = -(-1) is printed.

[6]main()
{
int *j;
{
int i=10;
j=&i;
}
printf("%d",*j);
}

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Answer:
10
Explanation:
The variable i is a block level variable and the visibility is inside that block only. But the
lifetime of i is lifetime of the function so it lives upto the exit of main function. Since the
i is still allocated space, *j prints the value stored in i since j points i.

[7]int i=10;
main()
{
extern int i;
{
int i=20;
{
const volatile unsigned i=30;
printf("%d",i);
}
printf("%d",i);
}
printf("%d",i);
}


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Answer:
30,20,10
Explanation:
'{' introduces new block and thus new scope. In the innermost block i is declared as,
const volatile unsigned
which is a valid declaration. i is assumed of type int. So printf prints 30. In the next
block, i has value 20 and so printf prints 20. In the outermost block, i is declared as
extern, so no storage space is allocated for it. After compilation is over the linker
resolves it to global variable i (since it is the only variable visible there). So it prints i's
value as 10.

[8]#define max 5
#define int arr1[max]
main()
{
typedef char arr2[max];
arr1 list={0,1,2,3,4};
arr2 name="name";
printf("%d %s",list[0],name);
}


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Answer:
Compiler error (in the line arr1 list = {0,1,2,3,4})
Explanation:
arr2 is declared of type array of size 5 of characters. So it can be used to declare the
variable name of the type arr2. But it is not the case of arr1. Hence an error.
Rule of Thumb:
#defines are used for textual replacement whereas typedefs are used for declaring new
types.

[9]main()
{
int y;
scanf("%d",&y); // input given is 2000
if( (y%4==0 && y%100 != 0) || y%100 == 0 )
printf("%d is a leap year");
else
printf("%d is not a leap year");
}


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Answer:
2000 is a leap year
Explanation:
An ordinary program to check if leap year or not.

[10]main()
{
int k=1;
printf("%d==1 is ""%s",k,k==1?"TRUE":"FALSE");
}


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Answer:
1==1 is TRUE
Explanation:
When two strings are placed together (or separated by white-space) they are
concatenated (this is called as "stringization" operation). So the string is as if it is given
as "%d==1 is %s". The conditional operator( ?: ) evaluates to "TRUE".

[11]main()
{
char not;
not=!2;
printf("%d",not);
}


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Answer:
0
Explanation:
! is a logical operator. In C the value 0 is considered to be the boolean value FALSE, and
any non-zero value is considered to be the boolean value TRUE. Here 2 is a non-zero
value so TRUE. !TRUE is FALSE (0) so it prints 0.

[12]main()
{
char *str1="abcd";
char str2[]="abcd";
printf("%d %d %d",sizeof(str1),sizeof(str2),sizeof("abcd"));
}


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Answer:
2 5 5
Explanation:
In first sizeof, str1 is a character pointer so it gives you the size of the pointer variable.
In second sizeof the name str2 indicates the name of the array whose size is 5
(including the '\0' termination character). The third sizeof is similar to the second one.

[13]main()
{
show();
}
void show()
{
printf("I'm the greatest");
}


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Answer:
Compier error: Type mismatch in redeclaration of show.
Explanation:
When the compiler sees the function show it doesn't know anything about it. So the
default return type (ie, int) is assumed. But when compiler sees the actual definition of
show mismatch occurs since it is declared as void. Hence the error.
The solutions are as follows:
1. declare void show() in main() .
2. define show() before main().
3. declare extern void show() before the use of show().

[14]main()
{
i
nt i=0;
for(;i++;printf("%d",i)) ;
printf("%d",i);
}


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Answer:
1
Explanation:
before entering into the for loop the checking condition is "evaluated". Here it evaluates
to 0 (false) and comes out of the loop, and i is incremented (note the semicolon after
the for loop).

[15]main()
{
i
nt i;
printf("%d",scanf("%d",&i)); // value 10 is given as input here
}



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Answer:
1
Explanation:
Scanf returns number of items successfully read and not 1/0. Here 10 is given as input
which should have been scanned successfully. So number of items read is 1.

c aptitute questions

[1]What will print out?

main()
{
char *p1=“name”;
char *p2;
p2=(char*)malloc(20);
memset (p2, 0, 20);
while(*p2++ = *p1++);
printf(“%s”,p2);

}
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Answer:empty string.

[2]What will be printed as the result of the operation below:

main()
{
int x=20,y=35;
x=y++ + x++;
y= ++y + ++x;
printf(“%d%d”,x,y);

}

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Answer : 5794

[3]What will be printed as the result of the operation below:

main()
{
int x=5;
printf(“%d,%d,%d”,x,x< <2,x>>2);

}

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Answer: 5,20,1

[4]What will be printed as the result of the operation below:

#define swap(a,b) a=a+b;b=a-b;a=a-b;

void main()
{
int x=5, y=10;
swap (x,y);
printf(“%d %d”,x,y);
swap2(x,y);
printf(“%d %d”,x,y);
}

int swap2(int a, int b)
{
int temp;
temp=a;
b=a;
a=temp;
return 0;

}

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Answer: 10, 5
10, 5

[5]What will be printed as the result of the operation below:

main()
{
char *ptr = ” Cisco Systems”;
*ptr++; printf(“%s”,ptr);
ptr++;
printf(“%sn”,ptr);

}

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Answer:Cisco Systems
isco systems

[6]What will be printed as the result of the operation below:

main()
{
char s1[]=“Cisco”;
char s2[]= “systems”;
printf(“%s”,s1);
}
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Answer: Cisco

[7]What will be printed as the result of the operation below:

main()
{
char *p1;
char *p2;

p1=(char *)malloc(25);
p2=(char *)malloc(25);

strcpy(p1,”Cisco”);
strcpy(p2,“systems”);
strcat(p1,p2);

printf(“%s”,p1);

}

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Answer: Ciscosystems

[8]The following variable is available in file1.c, who can access it?:

static int average;


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Answer: all the functions in the file1.c can access the variable.

[9]WHat will be the result of the following code?

#define TRUE 0 // some code

while(TRUE)
{

// some code

}

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Answer: This will not go into the loop as TRUE is defined as 0.

[10]What will be printed as the result of the operation below:

int x;
int modifyvalue()
{
return(x+=10);
}

int changevalue(int x)
{
return(x+=1);
}

void main()
{
int x=10;
x++;
changevalue(x);
x++;
modifyvalue();
printf("First output:%d",x);

x++;
changevalue(x);
printf("Second output:%d",x);
modifyvalue();
printf("Third output:%d",x);

}

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Answer: 12 , 13 , 13

[11]What will be printed as the result of the operation below:

main()
{
int x=10, y=15;
x = x++;
y = ++y;
printf(“%d %d”,x,y);

}

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Answer: 11, 16

[12]What will be printed as the result of the operation below:

main()
{
int a=0;
if(a==0)
printf(“Cisco Systemsn”);
printf(“Cisco Systemsn”);

}

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Answer: Two lines with “Cisco Systems” will be printed.